Identity And Identity Change, And Acts Of Identification

This essay looks at identity, specifically on an individual level as well as identity change, and acts of identification. Identity is difficult to define- it is not known exactly what forms out identity. But it is known that individuals have multiple identities, that come into practice depending on the context of where they are, and who they are with. A person has not only one self, but several selves that correspond to widening circles of group memberships. Different social context may trigger an individual to think, feel, and act on basis of their personal, family or national level of self, in addition to this a person also has multiple-social identies (self-concept derived from perceived memberships of social groups). Personal identity refers to self-knowledge derived from individual’s unique attributes. In addition, identity provides a link between individuals and the world they live in. It combines how they see their selves and how others see them, Identity involves the internal, the subjective, and the external, it is a socially recognised position, that is recognised by others not just the individual. It is for these reasons that social scientists find identity both individual and collective of interest. Acts of identification occur as a result of identity changes, which allow the individual to see themselves in another’s place, or to imagine themselves into a new identity. Identity change can mean different things on varying levels dependent on the ‘pace of change’,Show MoreRelatedNotes On Social Identity Theory1191 Words   |  5 PagesContextualizing BIRG: Social Identity Theory SIT (Tajfel et al., 1971; Tajfel Turner, 1979) has been explained briefly in the Introduction, which provided an overview on the nature of its construction (Galang et al., 2015) and its implications on ingroup inclusion, intergroup behavior, and self-esteem (Brewer Yuki, 2007). This theory is further discussed here, particularly its conception of group identification and esteem, to give context to BIRG and the framework of analysis that will be usedRead MoreEvaluate the Claim That Identity Is Determined by Relationships1699 Words   |  7 Pagesthe claim that Identity is determined by relationships Essay Plan First Paragraph Introduction Define Identity Quote Changing identities Gender identity Mines (DVD) Second Paragraph New mothers Gous quote Quote pg 254, 269 and 265 Body image Racial – Fanon - 278 Third Paragraph Social psychology Michael Billig – quote 274 National Identity – 212 Freud - quote Fourth Paragraph Conclusion Quote – 252 Erik Erikson Evaluate the claim that Identity is determined byRead MoreIdentity Theft Prevention And Protection1733 Words   |  7 Pages  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ Section 10.9 Identity Theft Prevention and Protection The constant evolution of technology has led to the expansion of a crime that feeds on the inability of consumers to control who has access to sensitive information and how it is safeguarded. That crime is identity theft. Identity theft causes financial damage to consumers, creditors, retail establishments, and the economy as a whole. The Identity Theft Policy of NFBS is designed to reasonably detect red flags, respond to red flagsRead MoreIs Ethnocentrism And Social Identity Are The Crux Of Intergroup Conflict And Divisiveness On A Global Scale?871 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 9 Written Assignment Ethnocentrism and social identity are the crux of intergroup conflict and divisiveness on a global scale. The theory of ethnocentrism is founded on the presumptions put forth by Sumner (1906), in Folkways, a sociological treatise on†¦ the. Sumner (1906) remarked, â€Å"[e]thnocentrism is the technical name for this view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it† (as cited in Segall et al., 1990, pRead MoreA Deeper Understanding Of Identity Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand more. But it is the combination of these identities that makes every human complex and unique. A deeper understanding of identity requires organizing identities into two categories: factual and non-factual. Factual identities include features and attributes that could be seen with naked eyes or measured with instruments, such as race and age. Non-factual identities, like gender identity (different from the idea of biological sex) and social identity, are malleable because they depend on actionsRead MoreDifferent Perspectives Of Immigration And Discrimination1378 Words   |  6 Pages In a world filled with multiple cultural identities and differences, little is known as to why a survey of racial citizens discriminate against those of immigrant backgrounds. For instance, when an immigrant leave his/her native land to establish permanent residency abroad. As this individual begin to familiarize him/herself with this new country, a number of people who religiously consume this place, are not as open to familiarizing themselves with this person of unchained difference.Read MoreThe Body, Soul, And Brain1426 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to personal identity and survival of the self, it is difficult to say what defines a person throughout time. The three arguments are for the body, soul, and brain. These theories argue that each respective component of a person, must remain the same throughout time in order for a person to be unchanged. The brain theory is more plausible than its counterparts. To prove this, first, I will describe the soul and body theories, which I oppose, and then present an argument based on theRead MoreThe Limits of Identification1770 Words   |  7 PagesLimits of Identification Identities are prescriptive representations of every society’s members themselves and of their relationship to each other. The â€Å"limits of identification†, thus divide social prescription of identity into two categories, prescriptive accounts of members themselves which is their personal identities, and behavioral prescriptions for the proper enactment of these identities which is society’s norms or behavioral norms that require individual’s to be identified and act in certainRead MoreIdentity Theory And Social Identity1228 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity theory traces its root in the writing of G.H Mead, the American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist who says that the image or the feeling that a person creates for him or herself in a particular society is the result of other’s vision, which is created daily and is subjected to change. Richard Jinkens, the sociologist describes that social identity means who we are and who the others are and on the other hand what the other thinks about themselves and others. Further, Mead elaboratesRead MoreEssay about Race and Ethnicity in Social Sciences877 Words   |  4 PagesUse of the Terms Race and Ethnicity in the Social Sciences Defining identity can be complex and therefore we have to investigate the factors involved that make us who we are and how we are seen by others, collectively or individually. Social scientists have to consider the key elements which shape identity, the importance of social structures and agency involved. The differences and/or similarities between us are the focus that categorise and label us in society. Knowing who we are is important

Sample Resume Sul Ross State University College And...

Sul Ross State University College and Career Development Centers are the Lobo Center, services freshman only, and the Career Services and Testing Center, which services freshman through graduates. Alpine, Texas is home to Sul Ross State University, it is a rural West Texas town nestled outside of the Big Bend area 20 miles from Mexico. Lobo, timber wolf, is the mascot for Sul Ross which has a student population of approximately 2000. Lobo Center The Lobo Center is located in the admissions building and consists of three offices, enclosed by glass, a sitting area, three tables that seat up to four, and limited reading materials. The Lobo Center is Directed by Ms. Helen Crane, who holds a bachelors degree in finance. Ms. Crane described the primary focus of the center is to provide services to freshman and assist them in goal setting and planning for their future. Ms. Crane stated, â€Å"I want to see students become successful and assist them in choosing a career path where they will be prosperous†. According to Ms. Crane, The Lobo Center is staffed by five employees, two full time advisors and three part-timers. Operating hours of the Lobo Center are Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 5:00 pm. Services provided by the center are for Sul Ross students only and all services are free. However, Crane continued that the fees are absorbed in student tuition. Services include, but are not limited to car eer research, class scheduling, assistance with applications,

Core Indian Values †an Advertising Perspective Free Essays

INDIAN CONSUMER: CORE VALUES We are all consumers. Everyday, we consume goods and services as individuals, families, groups and organizations. With every passing year, the consumer has not only become smarter but also choosier with his purchase. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now On top of that, the fact that the competition and the variety of products available in the market only add to the marketers’ woes. To succeed in this dynamic and increasingly complex marketing environment marketers have an urgent need to learn and anticipate whatever they can about consumers. The better they know and understand consumers the more advantageous it would prove when accomplishing their organizational objectives. In a diverse country like India, which is slowly shedding its conservative nature and is opening up to new possibilities on the marketorial front, it becomes even more difficult for an advertiser to understand his consumer’s behaviour. The Indian mentality is more complex and layered than our western counterparts. The culture of this country is very different from most others for it is home to various religions, languages, customs and values. This amalgamation has led to the Indian consumer having various layers of reasoning behind every action. There are certain values that play a very important role while purchasing a product from the point of the view of the Indian consumer. An advertiser should keep these values in mind while targeting their Indian audience. 1. Family The Indian society is a family oriented one. Elder members of the family are considered to be the head of the family. Though joint families have now disintegrated into nuclear ones, the bond and importance of family remains the same. Family is by far the most important reference group. The family is a major influence on the consumption behaviour of its members and generally the target market for most products. The consumption patterns of family members are seldom independent from those of other family members. There is an interdependent relationship between the members of the family. An advertiser selling family oriented products must target it for the benefit of every member of the family. Eg. Tata Ventura ad. 2. Peace Peace  is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict. It also represents cosmic harmony. An individual seeks peace when he wishes to establish a personal relationship with the cosmos. India is country where different sects coming together causes chaos and conflict. Hence, peace is highly sought after both personally and internationally. An advertiser while selling a product, depending on its nature, must keep in mind the fact that his product must not invoke chaos in any form. He must try as much as possible to maintain decorum while advocating a product. Eg. Taj holidays. 3. Health India is slowly growing to be a very health conscious nation. Indian food offers a diversity of dishes that are very tasty and each provide a different delight. But at the same time. Some of them can be very heavy and unhealthy with continuous consumption. In the fast paced of today’s times, health has become of utmost importance. Various fitness centers are being set up everywhere and maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become very important to the average Indian consumer. Advertisers target this aspect of the Indian consumer while promoting various health related products. Eg. Saffola ads. D cold total ads 4. Time Time is of utmost importance in the Indian society. Natural time regulates ctivities with a â€Å"now† orientation. Indians have always factored in on time before starting or ending any event, both metaphysically and metaphorically. Time is considered to be an auspicious and important aspect for Indians. While making major purchases, time is factored in majorly. An advertiser can either portray the time factor majorly in his advertisement or he can portray it subtlely with respect to the product. Time also reflects the era the people live in and its dynamic nature. Eg. Hindustan times â€Å"It is time† campaign. 5. Will power. Will power is the strength to achieve the impossible or the difficult. Indians consider will power to be a treasurable value as it may lead to various achievements. If one gets over their fears and has the will power to achieve what many consider to be impossible then that person is highly respected. Without will power, one cannot alter events or restore it to the original post. India’s history has been witness to the importance of will power among the Indian public. Advertisers can theme their ads on the basis of will power thereby promoting their product and also gain popular vote for encouraging strength. Eg. Mountain Dew Darr Ke Aage jeet hai ads 6. Security A sense of security is very important in both a family and a community. Usually, the male member of the family is considered to be responsible for the security of the female counterparts in India. Females are especially protected in this society. But along with physical security, financial security has also become important for the modern Indian family. Many make investments so that the family is always financially secure. Protection of community is also a very important aspect as Indians are very community bound. Members of the same community usually have a sense of belonging and protection towards their other members. Eg. LIC jeevan bima policy ad. 7. Age Since time old, age has played a very important role in the Indian society. A person’s age has been synonymous with the amount of respect given to them. Even today, older people are treated with utmost respect and obedience is expected of the younger ones. Wisdom and experience of a person is calculated in terms of his age. In today’s times, the youth are very instrumental to the decision making process while purchasing a product. On the basis of the product, the advertiser must carefully target his age group and center the ad around the mentality of the age group selected. Eg. Raymond teacher ad. 8. Care Since the familial values are very strong in the Indian system, love and affection play an important role. Love and care for others is considered to be an important value especially with the members of family and friends. Unlike their western counterparts, Indian children live with their parents even after reaching adulthood and are duty bound to serve their parents in their old age as a token of their affection. Parents fuss over their children and take care of them protectively from a tender age and even beyond adulthood. This feeling of care and affection is largely targeted by marketers to sell their products for they hit a soft spot among the Indian audiences with this value. Eg. Vicks ads. 9. Prestiege There is nothing more important to an Indian household than the family’s honour and prestiege. Indians bank a lot on social approval and the sense of prestiege they gain from it. That sense of prestiege even comes from indulging in luxury and living a high life. A lot of luxury related products target this aspect of the Indian audience and cater to their value of prestiege. Eg. Reid and Taylor Amitabh Bacchan ad. 10. Ownership Ever since the olden days, a personal home has been of epitome importance to the average Indian household. It is a matter of protection and pride to own a home. In this tight spaced urban world, it has become even more difficult to own a home. But nevertheless, Indians continue to strive for ownership of a home for both themselves and their loved ones. It ione of the most important consumer values. A lot of options are considered and a lot of research is conducted before a home purchase. A bevy of home loans have also eased the process of a purchase of a home. Marketers also target this aspect while advertising their product. They arouse temptation to own a home which coincides with the consumer’s desire of the same. Eg. Asian paints Bird ad 11. Adaptability In spite of being from a conservative background, Indians have changed their behaviour with the changing times. People have adapted to the different languages in the country and different lifestyles with ease. This reflects the dynamic nature of the Indian population along with their ability to adapt to the changing times and the environment. This value is considered to be a sign of progress. Many advertisers wish to promote this value through their ads and encourage this aspect among the Indian public. The ads based on adaptability have proved instrumental in shaping the minds of the Indian audience as a whole. Eg. Aircel ad. Idea cellular Language ad 12. Religion This is by far the most important consumer value among Indians. Religion plays a very important role in India. There are people of numerous faiths and religions residing in this country. It is one the sure shot ways to get attention from the Indian audience through advertisements. But is also important to not offend the sentiments of the Indian audience as they are very sensitive when it comes to their religion. One has to be very careful while welding advertisements with religion. the Indian public adheres to their traditions and customs and is very dedicated towards maintaining their culture. Festivals are considered to be the best time for promotion of products in a religious theme. Eg. Tanishq ads (wedding) Aisanpaints pngal ad 13. Pleasure Pleasure relates to being happy and cheerful towards oneself and their surroundings. Everyone likes to indulge in pleasure after strenuous work. Indians especially like to please themselves with various pleasurable activities and believe in balancing work with play. The idea of pleasure, according to most Indians, is to spend time with their loved ones and engage in leisurely activities. While targeting this value of the Indian consumer, the advertiser has to keep in mind the mentality of the consumer and the nature of the product and blend both of them. It could be themed around pleasure with intensity or pleasure with lightheartedness. Eg. Scooty pep+ ads Cadbury’s life ka swaad ads 14. Work Since the urbanization of Indian society, there has been an evermore increase in the job opportunities especially for the youth. The youth of the country have become very ambitious and aim high. The education levels have gone up and the literacy rate has also shot up. Having a high paying job has become very important to the average Indian consumer as his salary corresponds with his buying prowess. Advertisers should start aiming at this progressive value of the Indian audience and design their ads to suit this aspect as well as promote their products. Encouraging progress in terms of education and work has become a very important aspect in current Indian society and especially among the youth. Eg. The Sikkim Manipal University distance education ads. Bibliography How to cite Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective, Papers Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective Free Essays INDIAN CONSUMER: CORE VALUES We are all consumers. Everyday, we consume goods and services as individuals, families, groups and organizations. With every passing year, the consumer has not only become smarter but also choosier with his purchase. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now On top of that, the fact that the competition and the variety of products available in the market only add to the marketers’ woes. To succeed in this dynamic and increasingly complex marketing environment marketers have an urgent need to learn and anticipate whatever they can about consumers. The better they know and understand consumers the more advantageous it would prove when accomplishing their organizational objectives. In a diverse country like India, which is slowly shedding its conservative nature and is opening up to new possibilities on the marketorial front, it becomes even more difficult for an advertiser to understand his consumer’s behaviour. The Indian mentality is more complex and layered than our western counterparts. The culture of this country is very different from most others for it is home to various religions, languages, customs and values. This amalgamation has led to the Indian consumer having various layers of reasoning behind every action. There are certain values that play a very important role while purchasing a product from the point of the view of the Indian consumer. An advertiser should keep these values in mind while targeting their Indian audience. 1. Family The Indian society is a family oriented one. Elder members of the family are considered to be the head of the family. Though joint families have now disintegrated into nuclear ones, the bond and importance of family remains the same. Family is by far the most important reference group. The family is a major influence on the consumption behaviour of its members and generally the target market for most products. The consumption patterns of family members are seldom independent from those of other family members. There is an interdependent relationship between the members of the family. An advertiser selling family oriented products must target it for the benefit of every member of the family. Eg. Tata Ventura ad. 2. Peace Peace  is a state of harmony characterized by the lack of violent conflict. It also represents cosmic harmony. An individual seeks peace when he wishes to establish a personal relationship with the cosmos. India is country where different sects coming together causes chaos and conflict. Hence, peace is highly sought after both personally and internationally. An advertiser while selling a product, depending on its nature, must keep in mind the fact that his product must not invoke chaos in any form. He must try as much as possible to maintain decorum while advocating a product. Eg. Taj holidays. 3. Health India is slowly growing to be a very health conscious nation. Indian food offers a diversity of dishes that are very tasty and each provide a different delight. But at the same time. Some of them can be very heavy and unhealthy with continuous consumption. In the fast paced of today’s times, health has become of utmost importance. Various fitness centers are being set up everywhere and maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become very important to the average Indian consumer. Advertisers target this aspect of the Indian consumer while promoting various health related products. Eg. Saffola ads. D cold total ads 4. Time Time is of utmost importance in the Indian society. Natural time regulates ctivities with a â€Å"now† orientation. Indians have always factored in on time before starting or ending any event, both metaphysically and metaphorically. Time is considered to be an auspicious and important aspect for Indians. While making major purchases, time is factored in majorly. An advertiser can either portray the time factor majorly in his advertisement or he can portray it subtlely with respect to the product. Time also reflects the era the people live in and its dynamic nature. Eg. Hindustan times â€Å"It is time† campaign. 5. Will power. Will power is the strength to achieve the impossible or the difficult. Indians consider will power to be a treasurable value as it may lead to various achievements. If one gets over their fears and has the will power to achieve what many consider to be impossible then that person is highly respected. Without will power, one cannot alter events or restore it to the original post. India’s history has been witness to the importance of will power among the Indian public. Advertisers can theme their ads on the basis of will power thereby promoting their product and also gain popular vote for encouraging strength. Eg. Mountain Dew Darr Ke Aage jeet hai ads 6. Security A sense of security is very important in both a family and a community. Usually, the male member of the family is considered to be responsible for the security of the female counterparts in India. Females are especially protected in this society. But along with physical security, financial security has also become important for the modern Indian family. Many make investments so that the family is always financially secure. Protection of community is also a very important aspect as Indians are very community bound. Members of the same community usually have a sense of belonging and protection towards their other members. Eg. LIC jeevan bima policy ad. 7. Age Since time old, age has played a very important role in the Indian society. A person’s age has been synonymous with the amount of respect given to them. Even today, older people are treated with utmost respect and obedience is expected of the younger ones. Wisdom and experience of a person is calculated in terms of his age. In today’s times, the youth are very instrumental to the decision making process while purchasing a product. On the basis of the product, the advertiser must carefully target his age group and center the ad around the mentality of the age group selected. Eg. Raymond teacher ad. 8. Care Since the familial values are very strong in the Indian system, love and affection play an important role. Love and care for others is considered to be an important value especially with the members of family and friends. Unlike their western counterparts, Indian children live with their parents even after reaching adulthood and are duty bound to serve their parents in their old age as a token of their affection. Parents fuss over their children and take care of them protectively from a tender age and even beyond adulthood. This feeling of care and affection is largely targeted by marketers to sell their products for they hit a soft spot among the Indian audiences with this value. Eg. Vicks ads. 9. Prestiege There is nothing more important to an Indian household than the family’s honour and prestiege. Indians bank a lot on social approval and the sense of prestiege they gain from it. That sense of prestiege even comes from indulging in luxury and living a high life. A lot of luxury related products target this aspect of the Indian audience and cater to their value of prestiege. Eg. Reid and Taylor Amitabh Bacchan ad. 10. Ownership Ever since the olden days, a personal home has been of epitome importance to the average Indian household. It is a matter of protection and pride to own a home. In this tight spaced urban world, it has become even more difficult to own a home. But nevertheless, Indians continue to strive for ownership of a home for both themselves and their loved ones. It ione of the most important consumer values. A lot of options are considered and a lot of research is conducted before a home purchase. A bevy of home loans have also eased the process of a purchase of a home. Marketers also target this aspect while advertising their product. They arouse temptation to own a home which coincides with the consumer’s desire of the same. Eg. Asian paints Bird ad 11. Adaptability In spite of being from a conservative background, Indians have changed their behaviour with the changing times. People have adapted to the different languages in the country and different lifestyles with ease. This reflects the dynamic nature of the Indian population along with their ability to adapt to the changing times and the environment. This value is considered to be a sign of progress. Many advertisers wish to promote this value through their ads and encourage this aspect among the Indian public. The ads based on adaptability have proved instrumental in shaping the minds of the Indian audience as a whole. Eg. Aircel ad. Idea cellular Language ad 12. Religion This is by far the most important consumer value among Indians. Religion plays a very important role in India. There are people of numerous faiths and religions residing in this country. It is one the sure shot ways to get attention from the Indian audience through advertisements. But is also important to not offend the sentiments of the Indian audience as they are very sensitive when it comes to their religion. One has to be very careful while welding advertisements with religion. the Indian public adheres to their traditions and customs and is very dedicated towards maintaining their culture. Festivals are considered to be the best time for promotion of products in a religious theme. Eg. Tanishq ads (wedding) Aisanpaints pngal ad 13. Pleasure Pleasure relates to being happy and cheerful towards oneself and their surroundings. Everyone likes to indulge in pleasure after strenuous work. Indians especially like to please themselves with various pleasurable activities and believe in balancing work with play. The idea of pleasure, according to most Indians, is to spend time with their loved ones and engage in leisurely activities. While targeting this value of the Indian consumer, the advertiser has to keep in mind the mentality of the consumer and the nature of the product and blend both of them. It could be themed around pleasure with intensity or pleasure with lightheartedness. Eg. Scooty pep+ ads Cadbury’s life ka swaad ads 14. Work Since the urbanization of Indian society, there has been an evermore increase in the job opportunities especially for the youth. The youth of the country have become very ambitious and aim high. The education levels have gone up and the literacy rate has also shot up. Having a high paying job has become very important to the average Indian consumer as his salary corresponds with his buying prowess. Advertisers should start aiming at this progressive value of the Indian audience and design their ads to suit this aspect as well as promote their products. Encouraging progress in terms of education and work has become a very important aspect in current Indian society and especially among the youth. Eg. The Sikkim Manipal University distance education ads. Bibliography How to cite Core Indian Values – an Advertising Perspective, Essay examples

Native Americans and the Issue of Alcoholism free essay sample

Following the European invasion in America, Native Americans came to endure many problems. While some have faded, others still linger on in their lives. The issue of alcohol and alcoholism is one of them. From settlers using it to deceive, to today’s issues on the reservation, alcohol has played a devastating role in the lives of Native Americans. Knowing how the issue of alcohol became such a predominate part of Native Americans lives will allow us to spawn ideas on how to end the problem. Before the colonists arrived in America, Native Americans had little to no knowledge of alcoholic beverages. â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 1 ). Low alcohol beverages were produced by some tribes but this was only used for ceremonial practices (â€Å"History of Alcohol Among Native Americans† par 2). When the Europeans entered America they brought over beverages that superseded the alcohol percent of any drink produced by Indians. European colonization is what introduced alcohol to the Native Americans, but mass consumption did not occur until the seventeenth century (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 2). As the fur trade began gaining momentum in the seventeenth century, so did the alcohol trade. Some European traders offered alcohol during the trading process to manipulate the Native Americans (Eshkibok par. 7). Also, skins and furs where being traded for alcohol instead of necessities the Indian people needed. This occurred because the younger Native American men, who became addicted to alcohol, had control over the trade and chose the alcohol over other items. These decisions left Indian nations in states of poverty and left them in difficulty dealing with the invading Europeans (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. ). As more Europeans entered American, more and more Native Americans were forced into reservations. These reservations left Indians in mass poverty, cultural shock and with no hunting grounds. Reservations with these issues are breeding grounds for social problems, including alcoholism. Many assumptions have been made as to why the Indians became so addicted to alcohol. The biggest factor that causes the alcoholism is how life on the reservations is for Native Americans. As said before, poverty and cultural shock causes depression among the population of the reservation, which leads to substance abuse to cure these feelings. There are a few statistics one must consider, presented in an article by Peter Katel. In reservations nationwide, forty nine percent of the population is unemployed; that is 10 times the national average. Also, deaths from alcoholism are at least six hundred and fifty times higher than the national average. These statistics show how life on the reservation is vastly different. With such a sense of despair in the reservations, it is understandable why people turn to substances for an outlet. While most blame it on the conditions of the reservations, some blame can be put on the chemical make-up and genetics of the Native Americans themselves. Depending on race, the time it takes to metabolize alcohol differs. In the case of Native Americans, the time it takes to metabolize alcohol is lower (Ringwalt par. 3). This difference in metabolizing rates could explain why the Indians developed a habit to alcohol very quickly when first introduced to it when the colonist arrived. Many misconceptions have arrived with the issues of alcoholism in Native Americans though. Due to some reservations having high populations of alcoholics, stereotypes have evolved. Bars began displaying signs forbidding them to drink (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 5). According to an article written by grad student Mike Eshkibok, the stereotype has even made its way to the big screen in movies like Flags of our Fathers and Apocalypto ; â€Å"These powerful films depict Indians in a violent or stereotypical way, suggesting that all Indians are afflicted with drug and alcohol problems† (par. ). This stereotype has gone as far as to have people believe that Indians are either wise old men, or drunks (Nerburn pg. 185). Scientific study also is affected by these stereotype and leads to biased results. Recent studies were found to have false results about the percentage of Native American alcoholics from two reservations. Even though the results of the new study found that the amount of alcoholics on the reservation were fifty percent higher than national averages, it was still considerably lower than the previous study which found up to eighty percent f the men on the reservations were alcoholics (Ham par. 2). With stereotypes becoming so inflated that it affects scientific studies, a higher concern of solving this problem must begin. Native Americans have dealt with many problems after European colonization, and one of the prevalent issues is alcoholism. With the history of alcohol being an invasive and with modern times leading to more cases of alcoholism, it is hard to say when the Native Americans will see the day when their communities are free of this trouble. Section 2: Alcoholism is an issue in many peoples lives. But for Native Americans it has become a very common issues effecting many people. Native Americans also affect more than health, issues like stereotyping and control come into play. Two authors decided to include the effects of alcohol in their works. By showing the affects of alcohol in Native Americans, people will be able to see the difficulties of the disease and try to overcome some of the problems. In the play â€Å"Ghost Dance† by Annette Arkeketa, a women named Hokti is dealing with her issues of alcoholism while she lays in a coma. You see the thoughts of both Hokti and her family sitting by her side. This issues that are brought up show how each side is affected by the disease. Hokti herself is affected by the â€Å"Alcohol Spirit† who deems her unable to live life with out alcohol, while her family is listening to her younger sister Lori state how she has changed and how dying would be best for her. The problems that are brought up show how the family is affected by the alcoholic daughter and proves that even if they are Native American, they are dealing with a huge problem. Arkeketa play is told by a man telling a story to two children. He is trying to explain why there are no more Native Americans. Alcoholism is tearing up the Native American culture and with out the strength of the Indians and the help from the out side world the Native Americans may never overcome the grasp of alcoholism. Arkeketa may be trying to create this concept in her play. Hokti is hearing the words of her sister, the out side world, and is becoming informed on how she is acting, while hearing this she is battling, and ultimate helping herself conquer alcohol. Alcohol has also affected the reputations of all Indians, not just the ones who are alcoholics. In Neither Wolf Nor Dog by Kent Nerburn, the issue of stereotyping Indians is brought up. Nerburn travels around with an Indian elder named Dan and hears his take on problems facing the Indian people. While at a bar in a local town, two drunk Native Americans walk in and make a scene. This sets Dan off on a story about how people only see Native Americans as either the wise elders or drunk slobs. When they meet one of us who‘s not drunk they have to deal with us†(185). This stereotype is very true, and has been around for a long time. Signs in bars stating â€Å"We don’t sell to Indians†, and laws being passed to make selling alcohol on reservations illegal (â€Å"Stereotypes of Native Americans† par. 7). Stereotyping begins many doubts about the Indian people, even if some chose not to drink or can tolerate themselves. Nerburn was asked by Dan to write this book in hopes of dispelling the common misconceptions about Indians and to show how exactly they have been living. Throughout the story Nerburn has had trouble figuring out how to write the story. He is told that he must not make it white or the message will not get across. Nerburn then decided to write the story as is occurs, in first person. This makes the reader as if themselves are Nerburn going through this journey. So when readers are experiencing this journey they really come to realize how the Native Americans are feeling and get a new perspective. This way of writing will help the readers dispel the stereotypes they may have had, especially on alcoholism. Seeing an Native Americans point of view on issues like this really gives the public a full view of issues like alcoholism in Native American lives. With authors like Nerburn and Arkeketa writing about the difficulties of alcoholism in Native Americans lives, people will begin to see how the Native Americans are dealing with the issue and how some are connected even though they don’t suffer from the diseases at all. When people begin to understand the problems, more effort to fix it will come up.

Barely There Women In Ancient Literature Essays - Book Of Genesis

Barely There: Women In Ancient Literature Are the ancient biblical stories and the myths of the Greeks irredeemably male oriented? All ancient societies treated women as the inferior gender. It has been historically shown that in the ancient world, men were the leaders, heroes, and kings, and women served primarily as companions, helpers, and child-bearers. In the Old Testament and throughout ancient Greek literature, there is a constant theme of male superiority that cannot be ignored. Men did not believe that women were capable of existing as anything other than the typical housewife; it was unthinkable that a woman would actually need an education, let alone earn a living. Rarely was a woman seen doing anything but being dominated by males in some form, whether she was a mans sexual object, a submissively devoted wife, or a woman being punished for doing what she believed was right. Women had no identities of their own; in every action, they were presided over by a stronger male counterpart. Because female characters lacked power and existed primarily to provide men with companionship and support, ancient Gre ek and biblical stories can be described as irredeemably male oriented. A womans primary role in ancient times was to serve as a companion to a male figure. The most common form of this companionship was as a wife. God created the woman because It is not good for the human to be alone, I shall make him a sustainer beside him (Genesis 2:18, p9). The human was living in a perfect environment, yet something was still missing. God decided that it would be human nature to desire and need a partner. Thus began the practice of wife-seeking. Men were able to choose whomever they desired to be their wife, an idea that is demonstrated in the book of Genesis the sons of God saw that the daughters of man were comely, and they took themselves wives howsoever they chose (Genesis 6:2, p. 26). Women did not get to choose who they married. The entire concept of love, especially from a womans point of view, was not considered as a factor in marriage. The women were expected to comply and marry the man who chose them without complaint. In the book of Genesis, Abram sends a servant to fetch a wife for his son, Isaac, in order to console him following his mothers death. To my land and to my birthplace you shall go, and you shall take a wife for my son, for Isaac (Genesis 24:4, p113). The servant then follows his instructions and travels to Abrams homeland, finding Rebekah and bringing her home to Isaac. And he loved her, and Isaac was consoled after his mothers death (Genesis 24:67, p123). A wife-seeking mission such as this was considered normal, and was often done, in the name of God- Take [Rebekah] and go and let her be the wife of your master's son as the LORD has spoken (Genesis 24:51-52, p120). An ancient womans principal function in life was to supplement the life of her husband, ensuring that his every need was met. Because men were usually out of the home completing their own duties (in the case of the Greeks, fighting; in the Bible, working), women were expected to maintain the well being of the family, as both wives and as mothers. As a wife, a woman was expected to serve her husband however he desired, which meant remaining constantly sexually available. As a mother, she had to provide a loving and nurturing environment for her children. Wives had the responsibility of doing various tasks around the home like making bread, making clothing, and cleaning. Any time her husband wanted something, a woman was expected to do it promptly, without question. Abraham hurried to the tent to Sarah and he said Hurry! Knead three seahs of choice flour and make loaves (Genesis 18:4, p78). As a big part of meeting her husbands needs, women were expected to bear children. Having children was crucial during ancient times; it was considered to be very important that a woman be able to give children to her husband so that he could carry on his family legacy. If a woman was unable to make babies,

Anti-Virus Essays

Anti-Virus Essays Anti-Virus Essay Anti-Virus Essay The Interpretation mechanism must be specific to each operating system or component In which the antivirus Is going to be Implemented. For example, in Windows 91, a virtual driver VS. Is used, which continually monitors disk activity. In this way, every time the information on a disk or floppy disk is accessed, the antivirus will intercept the read and write calls to the disk, and scan the information to be read or saved. This operation is performed through a driver in kernel mode in Windows NT/2000/XP or an NIL which intercepts disk activity in Novel Antivirus products hat are not specially designed for operating systems, but are Implemented over other applications, have a different interpretation mechanism. For example, In an antivirus for CAP Firewalls, It Is the firewall that provides the antivirus with information in order to scan it through the CAP protocol and in the antivirus for Essential, the Millimeter filter facilitates information interpretation. Sometimes an interpretation mechanism is not provided by the antivirus (such as a Vs.) or the application (such as the CAP). In this case, special mechanisms between the application and the antivirus must be used. In other words, resources that intercept information and pass it to the antivirus, offering complete integration in order to disinfect viruses. Once the information has been scanned, using either method, if a threat has been detected, two operations are performed: 1 . The cleaned Information Is returned to the Interpretation mechanism, which In turn will return it to the system so that it can continue towards its final destination. This means that if an e-mail message was being received, the message will be let through to the mailbox, or if a file way being copied, the copy process will be allowed o finish. 2 A warning Is sent to ten user Interface. I Nils user Interface can vary greatly. In an antivirus for workstations, a message can be displayed on screen, but in server solutions the alert could be sent as an e-mail message, an internal network message, an entry in an activity report or as some kind of message to the antivirus management tool. As you can see, antivirus programs do not perform miracles, nor is it a software tool that you need to be wary of. It is a very simple security ally that offers precision and advanced technology. Consider this; when you copy a few mega bytes to the hard disk of your computer, the antivirus must look for over 65,000 viruses without affecting the normal functioning of the computer and without the user realizing. Antivirus programs offer a high level of protection and prevent any nasty surprises. It is as simple as putting XX dollars in a box to get peace of mind. Im sure that now you dont have any serious doubts.. Scan Engines Regardless of how the information to be scanned is obtained, the most important function of the antivirus now comes into play: the virus scan engine. This engine scans the information it has intercepted for viruses, and if viruses are detected, it disinfects them. The information can be scanned in two ways. One method involves comparing the information received with a virus database (known as virus signatures). If the information matches any of the virus signatures, the antivirus concludes that the file is infected by a virus. The other way of finding out if the information being scanned is dangerous, without knowing if it actually contains a virus or not, is the method known as heuristic scanning. This method involves analyzing how the information acts and comparing it with a list of dangerous activity patterns. For example, if a file that can format a hard disk is detected, the antivirus will warn the user. Although it may be a new formatting system that the user is installing on the computer rather than a virus; the action is dangerous. Once the antivirus has sounded the alarm, it is up to the user whether the danger should be eliminated or not. Both of these methods have their pros and cons. If only the virus signatures system is used, it is important to update it at least once a day. When you bear in mind that 15 new viruses are discovered everyday, an antivirus that is left for two or three days without being updated is a serious danger. The heuristic system has the drawback that it can warn you about items that you know are not viruses. If you have to work with a lot of items that may be considered dangerous, you could soon tire of the alerts. Programmers in particular may prefer to disable this option. Permanent and on demand scans when casseroling antivirus programs, It Is Important to clearly Lustiness Detente the two types of protection on offer. The first is permanent scans, which are more complex and essential. These scans constantly monitor the operations performed on the computer to prevent any kind of intrusion. The other type of protection available is on demand scans. These use the same scan engine as the permanent protection and check any parts of the system whenever the user wants. These are normally used under special circumstances. For example, a user may want to perform an on demand scan when using a new floppy disk or to check information stored on the computer that hasnt been used for a while.

Annotated Bibliography High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography High School - Essay Example Within the context of the stated, the act of adultery is just an illicit sexual encounter and not one woman's symbolic defiance of society's shackles. Bender critically analyses mood, symbolism and language in several of Kate Chopin's short stories, including "The Storm." As he contends, Chopin carefully selects language, not only to reflect mood but to convey atmosphere. As an example of this, Bender highlights the language used to describe the love scene, illustrating the extent to which it echoes both the raging weather and the storm of emotions exploding from within the depths of either of the two characters. According to Bender, there is an undeniable lyrical/poetic quality to Chopin's writing. Readers may independently arrive at a similar conclusion. A reading of the scene in question indicates that, length-wise, it is really quite sparse but, nevertheless, language selection communicates meaning behind words.

Experience in achieving goals and professional growth Essay

Experience in Achieving Goals and Professional Growth - Essay Example This unique background has given me several advantages in my personal life and professional activities. I am able not only able to adapt quickly to new environments, but also am able to help others make the best out of their differences. My unique background has enabled me to integrate groups of people from different cultures and countries.My family owns a Company that exports Persian Carpets to Europe and some other countries. My professional work started when I was 23 years old when I decided to work for my father in his company in Tehran. In the early stages of my work experience I mostly dealt with our customers in Europe. My ability to speak three languages helped me to build a relationship with our suppliers and customers abroad. By the age of 25 I was the sales manager of the company and we also had opened offices in Germany, Sweden and Dubai. As a company's representatives, I have attended many International Exhibitions abroad and have gained international experienced that ha s equipped me with the skills necessary to deal with foreign suppliers and customers.It seemed inevitable that we began to lose business due to the high expenses of logistics, a poor inventory system and the lack of IT technology in our operation, this became a larger and larger problem as time moved on. However, I continued to attack the problem even as others had given up hope. Finally, after consulting with an IT engineering team, we launched a new IT system for the whole operation. The results were tremendous, and ultimately the project was successful: we surpassed our saving objectives and I received an early promotion. In 1996 we started a business in Italy, but this time we had diversity of products and were ready to target a larger market in Europe. I moved back to Stockholm and was working as a representative in Europe. However, the market in Scandinavia was not what we expected to be, the demand for our product was quite lower than we had hoped. Therefore we needed to find a new market with a quite good purchasing power. In 1999 finally we started our trade with Japan and in beginning of 2000 we opened our office in Osaka, Japan. Now my father runs the entire operation in our head office in Tehran, my brother in Japan and myself in Europe. Although my multicultural background and my international experiences have helped me to achieve my goals during my career, I have always wanted to get a degree in business. Finally, in 2004, I decided to go to UK and get a degree in International Business. As a mature student there are some advantages and disadvantages, and I used my experiences from the real world to tackle the problems that arose during my degree. However, it was not an easy task to go back to college at this age. However, I stuck it out, and I am now in my final year. It seems that I could accomplish my degree with an MBA programme, I also believe that an MBA programme can help me develop other vital skills essential to my standing as a professi onal. For example, I will benefit from the opportunity to further polish my public speaking ability and hone my skills as a negotiator. Now our Business is very successful and the experience was satisfying, clearly, the skill I developed from running a business was beneficial. However, I feel that the initiative and entrepreneurial effort were the most important things I took from my work experience. Essay Two I embarked on a journey towards MBA when I earned an undergraduate degree in International Business at The Manchester University. An MBA will provide the impetus and setting for honing my skills in the areas of negotiation, persuasion, inspiration, and professional articulation. I also see the MBA as a rare opportunity to gain heightened insight into other lifestyles.

Sustainability-Led Marketing in Whole Foods Market Essay

Sustainability-Led Marketing in Whole Foods Market - Essay Example It is therefore directed to the market but also focuses on the environment. Sustainability-led marketing is characterised as due to influence of different influencing factors. In a questionnaire carried out, Whole Foods Market was asked to state the extent to which each stakeholder in terms of socio-ecological aspects has influenced their marketing(Mohr, 2011). Internal and external influences in Whole Foods Market lead to sustainable marketing. Internal influence in Whole Foods Market towards sustainable marketing include the public exposure of the company’s sales, market share, brand awareness, number of employees and the mandatory disclosure of company data. Sales per volume in Whole Foods Market and the number of employees working in company influences sustainable-led marketing. It is observed that Whole Foods Market is correlated with sustainable-led marketing strategies (Martin, Diane, and John Schouten, 2012). It is assumed that when sustainable products escape the market slot, the market extent of the company was less important thus serves as a driver towards the marketing. Therefore, it can be said that the structure of Whole Foods Market companies is borne in mind Market shares and brand awareness has beneficial performance towards sustainable-led marketing. Large market share and brand awareness as Public exposure is interpreted as an influencing factor towards sustainable-led marketing. Whole Foods Market Company need to disclose their data to consumers to the highest extent. This is a drive towards sustainable-led marketing where Whole Foods Market discloses their data to the consumers on a regular basis (Emery, 2012). Internal stakeholders i.e. the owner of the Whole Foods Market Company, its top managers, and shareholders in Whole Foods Market provide a drive towards sustainable-led marketing strategies. The top management of companies are the

Greenery And Sustainability Urban Planning Environmental Sciences Essay

Greenery And Sustainability Urban Planning Environmental Sciences Essay Urban development through construction of roads, building, bridges and even landscaping can have significant impacts on the environment. Many environmentalists regard the preservation and introduction of greenery as fulfilling an indispensable urban infrastructure requirement. Chan and Lee (2008) suggest that urban renewal is commonly adopted to cope with changing urban environment, to rectify the problem of urban decay and to meet various socio-economic objectives. Although the provision of green spaces tend to be routinely advocated and implemented by the planning profession in developed countries, similar kinds of commitments are seen as weakly expressed in many third-world countries. In this essay, I attempt to argue that without a comprehensive sustainability effort and landscape plan, and even with one in some instances, rapidly expanding urban cities particularly in developing countries tend to grow relentlessly outward and upward to cause widespread environmental degradation, through the discussion of sustainable urban planning in one of the cities in developing country, which is Hong Kong. Hong Kong is located just within the tropics on the south coast of China, extending into the South China Sea, Hong Kong consists a land area of 1097 km2 and a sea area of 1700 km2, where there are 250 islands, the larger ones being Hong Kong Island and Lantau Island (Newcombe, Kalma, Aston, 1978; Warren-Rhodes Koenig, 2001). The terrain is mountainous and rugged with very little flat land for settlement, making Hong Kongs population has settled on the limited existing and reclaimed land available for development (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). The city state of Hong Kong has one of the highest urban population densities on Earth (Newcombe, Kalma, Aston, 1978). In the past 150 years, Hong Kong has evolved into a thriving metropolis of 7 million people (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). Despite significant differences in overall life conditions, the Hong Kong population enjoys a quality of life comparable, by many indicators of physical, mental and material well-being, with populat ions in the developed world (Newcombe, Kalma, Aston, 1978). Since the 1960s, Hong Kong has been transformed from a bustling entrepot to a light industry center in the 1970s and to a service-based economy in the 1990s accompanied by economic wealth of more than 10% rise in per capita GDP annually (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). Hong Kong has paid a high environmental price for its success, where its records of pollution levels have caused a decline in environmental quality which is impairing the citys ability to lure international investment (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). According to Warren-Rhodes and Koenig (2001), urban metabolism measures quantitatively a citys load on the natural environment. By knowing the metabolism background of Hong Kong, it will be easier to estimate the environmental level based on the development as well as population density of the city. In cities, metabolic flows arise from material use, food consumption and urban development; materials are stores as infrastructure; and materials and wastes are moved through manmade circulatory systems, with pollutants released to air, land, and water systems (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). Since Hong Kong relies upon and appropriates heavily from natural ecosystems to produce foods and uses water as well as other resources to process wastes, it significantly augments and alters material flow and energy cycling through the environment. Concerns on the impacts on natural resources and the environment especially in the late 1990s have prompted the government to commission a study of how sustainable development could be achieved in Hong Kong (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). According to Warren-Rhodes and Koenig (2001), enormous changes have occurred in Hong Kong over the past 26 years, where 1 million people have been added to the population each new decade, which bringing greater resource needs and waste generation habits, thus increasing the urban metabolic rates. It is argued that high metabolic rates can be beneficial to a citys survival, where compact cities with high population densities can achieve extremely efficient land, energy, and material use, thus reducing urban sprawl and conserving land for recreational and agricultural purposes (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). However, based on studies, the benefits of Hong Kongs high urban metabolism are presently outweighed by the environmental costs, and it is predicted that as population expands to 8.9 million by 2016, energy, materials, water use and pollution discharges will rise accordingly (Warren-Rhodes and Koenig, 2001). Through this kind of urban metabolic check-up, it allows policymakers to ascertain enduring and root causes of environmental deterioration in a city. Newcombe, Kalma, and Aston (1978), warn on the mounting ecological distress and offered prescient advice on how to mitigate these problems through an adaptive urban management strategy that modifies operations of present urban systems and designs their expansion . . . at greatly reduced resource inputs. As in many other cities, Hong Kong has substantial improvement in its performance of local urban renewal projects (Chan and Lee, 2008). Since 1990s, the importance of sustainable development had been acknowledged and the Hong Kong government had committed to consider the concept holistically when making decisions about future development in the territory (Chan and Lee, 2008). The sustainability concept attracts the attention of the Hong Kong government as international experience proves that sustainable development creates good communities serving different needs of current population without sacrificing the resources available for the future generations (Chan and Lee, 2008). In order to have a more adaptive urban management strategy that modifies operations of present urban systems and design, it is important to first, identify the factors that can contribute to the urban management strategy itself. Some of the factors and areas that should be emphasized in urban design are waterfro nt development, cityscape, pedestrian environment and pollution mitigation (Chan and Lee, 2008). Participants of Council for Sustainable Development discussion forum indicated that urban design should be consisted of layouts of street and open space, design of building as well as transportation network, in creating sustainable urban living space in the Hong Kong territory (Chan and Lee, 2008). Since one of the areas that should be emphasized in urban management and design is by focussing on the layouts of street and open space, planning on strategies on green space provision in urban Hong Kong is seen as a crucial in this matter. According to Jim (2002), woodlands are not preserved in the urbanised areas, where private developers tend to have little statutory obligation or willingness to provide public open spaces, often results in poor protection or obliteration of natural vegetation in new developments and redevelopment schemes. A city generously endowed with high-quality greenery is a necessary ingredient of environmental quality and quality of life. Therefore, preservation and introduction of greenery in urban infrastructure is seen as a moral necessary under urban management and design not only for the environment, but also for the population wellbeing as a whole. With a compact and densely built-up urban fabric, tree growth in Hong Kong is severely constrained in the pervasively crowded and bleak environment (Jim, 1989). Jim (2002) states that, nearly all residents of Hong Kong are living in high-rise apartment blocks, which deprived of private open spaces as well as detached from the land and vegetation. The shortage of public green space has reinforced the lack of interest in greening of Hong Kong urban population, further aggravated by the poor quality of existing amenity greenery by both public and private on the desire for more greenery space (Jim, 2002). This is constrained by the cramped town plan, where the roads have narrow pavements with no tree strips at the roadsides or margin roadside for plantable spaces (Jim, 2002). The same goes to the buildings, where they were built directly next to the road, leaving no lot-frontage plantable spaces (Jim, 2002). The only open space and remnant of plantable spaces are the citys first public g arden, the Botanical Garden, which is located in the heart of the central district, and the Victoria Park, that was built with a charity donation in 1957 (Jim, 2002). Forest cover has been reduced over the centuries by shifting cultivators, sedentary farmers, and, in recent decades, countryside recreationalists (Jim, 1989). According to Jim (1989), without a clear policy to preserve existent trees in places affected by urban intrusions, very few specimens would be saved. Due to the lack of green space provision in Hong Kong, the work agents, namely the landscape architects, urban horticulturists, arboriculturists and urban foresters would be necessary to join planners to collectively contribute in the greenery and sustainable urban planning. According to Jim (2002), some six government bureaux (out of 16 policy-formulation bureaux) and 15 departments (out of 38 departments) are involved in greening issues. There had been some efforts done by the government in bringing more and better greenery in urban development in Hong Kong. One example is, the government decided in building public housing for low-income families that are mainly situated at peri pheral locations with land-conserving developments, where space between the individual buildings is done with open spaces for planting (Jim, 1989). To develop an action plan to bring more and better greenery in the city, earnest support and cooperation are needed from relevant quarters. One of the ways to achieve the greenery and sustainable urban city planning is through comprehensive development area (CDA) zoning, which aims narrowly at facilitating the amalgamation of small contiguous lots for redevelopment. Jim (2002) suggests that this can be done by developing guidelines for the matching of species with site conditions and to optimise the landscaping potential of planting sites, aiming at significantly increasing the number of species with attractive flowers, seasonal changes, outstanding tree form, large final dimensions, meritorious performance and other notable amenity traits. Another greenery and sustainable urban planning can be done in urban Hong Kong is by developing specifications to protect effectively trees destined for preservation in sites, especially those that are affected by buildings, roads and other constr uction activities, which are commensurate with the cramped built environment. In order to encourage the planting of trees within Hong Kong urban society, there need to be some association not only with the government, but also private-sectors and other. This can be done through development projects, such as the introduction of incentives, the dissemination of relevant messages or guidelines in the form of professional practice notes, and the organisation of seminars, workshops and other means of involvement and communication. In conclusion, despite all of these suggestions and action plans in bringing more and better greenery and sustainable urban development in developing cities like Hong Kong, these can only be done through collective cooperation by the government, both private and private developers, as well as high supports from the society. Due to the high urban population, the urban dwellers in Hong Kong city are the core factors in the widespread of environmental concerns by individual and collective responsibility in taking care of the environment as well as making Hong Kong a greener and sustainable for the future generations. By taking this greenery and sustainable environment concerns more seriously, there will be hope for a better quality of life in the future regardless the population density.

McLuhan Essay -- Art

McLuhan Author and social theorist Tom Wolfe once commented on Canadian professor Marshal McLuhan’s mantra, â€Å"the medium is the message† saying: The new technologies†¦radically alter the entire way people use their five senses, the way they react to things, and therefore, their entire lives and the entire society. It doesn’t matter what the content of a medium like t.v. is†¦ 20 hours a day of sadistic cowboys caving in peoples teeth or†¦ Pablo Casals droning away on his cello. How is it that violence and the arts are effective in the same manner? Wouldn’t the content be the most important factor in analyzing a television program? To understand Marshall McLuhan’s theories the reader must not be concerned with the symbolic content of what is being said or the cosmetic interpretation of the actual show but rather, look deeper into the whole infrastructure of the medium itself. McLuhan was prone to thinking up â€Å"clever† analogies and plays on words; and describing the content of a medium was no different. He described it as â€Å"the juicy piece of meat carried by the burglar to distract the watchdog of the mind.† We are the content of our media because the way we live life is largely a function of the way we process information. That information is presented and made available by way of a certain medium. In turn, each medium delivers a new message and a new form of human being, whose qualities are suited to it. The same words spoken face to face, printed on paper, or presented on television provide three different messages simply because of the different senses used to perceive it. McLuhan thought primary channels of communication change the way we look at the world around us. The dominant medium of any age governs people and reconnects modes of relationships with the world based on which sensory motor apparatus is being activated. Dominant epochs spring from the phonetic alphabet, printing press, and the telegraph, which were turning points in society because they changed the way people thought about themselves. To understand how and why people are affected by television, one must first become familiar with McLuhan’s idea of the electronic age. With the advent of television, the power of the printed word is decreased significantly. Books become â€Å"made-for-t.v.† movies and newspapers come alive with twenty-four hour a day headlines. Marshall McLuh... ...ert themselves into the story. Perhaps this is one piece of an elaborate mosaic of cultural activity that works toward a unified ideological end, whether intentional or not. With cameras and televisions enhancing our eyes, satellite dishes increasing the sensitivity of our ears, and computers and the Internet augmenting the power of our brains, the human body has finally become fully extended through communication technology. In these respects, McLuhan was on to something. Unfortunately, one could not overlook McLuhan’s often abandonment of the linearity and order that he claimed were the legacy of print technology. His truths were enigmatic and seldom woven into a comprehensive system; at times he implied that chosen words are irrelevant while other times he declared the significance of the symbols were a matter of degree. His leaps of faith were a major hindrance to taking him seriously. Near the end, he was accused of selling out by Stuart Hall, fellow media theorist. But, as Kenneth Boulding in McLuhan: Hot and Cold stated, â€Å"It is perhaps typical of very creative minds that they hit very large nails not quite on the head.† Maybe we should give Marshal McLuhan another swing.

Functional Leadership Model in Healthcare Essay

The traditional leadership model focuses on three main areas which are looked at to be the core areas of leadership; task, individual, and team (Al-Touby, 1). Our text does not cover the traditional leadership model but, it does cover the path-goal leadership theory which in some sense relates to both the traditional leadership model and the functional result-oriented healthcare model. The path-goal theory focuses on the effectiveness for a leader to create high productivity and morale in a given situation (DuBrin, 147). In the path-goal theory it is important that the manager pick a style of leadership that focuses on the characteristics of the team and the demand for the task. In the traditional leadership style there is more emphasis on one core area over another; where in the path-goal leadership theory there is no emphasis on either. The path-goal theory lays the objective out in black and white. The path-goal theory is/ would be an effective leadership model for healthcare, how ever adapting it more closely to any organization would make it more effective and efficient. The main objective that can never be forgotten with healthcare is the patient’s outcome; if the outcome is lost, the leader, the team, and the task have failed. The Oman Medical Journal has perfected a leadership model specifically for healthcare facilities. The journal only compares the new healthcare model to the traditional leadership model however; it could also be compared with the characteristics of the path-goal leadership theory. If a healthcare facility focuses primarily on their individual staff characteristics, the facility will risk the possibility of losing sight of the patient’s needs (Al-Touby, 1). In any medical profession all employees are there for one reason, the patient’s service. With that being said, individual characteristics are not exactly the main concern in the healthcare leadership model. Moving on to having the task be the priority of the functional model; the task by itself remains incomplete until the patient recovers from the medical condition or the disease is managed (Al-Touby, 1-2). One patient is a task for too many people, but each employee contributes to the outcome of the patient. Lastly, healthcare leaders cannot only focus on the team, because the team has not completed the task until the patient recovers or the disease is managed. The team is combined of the individuals and the task but, in healthcare none of those elements need priority over another. Healthcare teams can work hard and be efficient and still be ineffective (Al-Touby, 2). In healthcare effectiveness must always be the goal over efficient teamwork. These examples and reasons are why the Oman Medical Journal decided to add the fourth element results or patient outcomes; and they refer to the modification as the â€Å"functional results-oriented leadership model†(Al-Touby, 3). No matter how perfect the healthcare team is; no matter how motivated the care staff is; no matter how well the care procedures are articulated and practiced, the yardstick of good healthcare leadership is patient outcomes, the results of care. (Al-Touby, 4) The functional leadership model is based on three core areas in leadership; task, individuals, and teams. All of these are important in effective leadership, however, the modified theory; functional-orientated leadership fits my lifestyle more precise. Working in healthcare and pursuing a profession in healthcare administration I can see how the typical functional leadership model does not fit the healthcare world. Patient care is the main focal point of every move made in the medical field; focusing more precisely on one of the three elements in the typical model could easily distract a leader in losing focal point on the patient’s result/outcome. Making the result the center of the three elements works. The organization I work at now uses the functional-orientated leadership model, and all our policies are based around this model. Patient’s safety and wellbeing is always priority. References Al-Touby, S. (2012). Functional Results-Oriented Healthcare Leadership: A Novel Leadership Model. Oman Medical Journal, 27(2), 104-107. doi:10. 5001/omj.2012.22 DuBrin, Andrew J. (2013). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Mason: South-Western.

Free Essays on Gibbons vs. Ogden

Gibbons vs. Ogden In the court case Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme Court reviewed the commerce power held by Congress. The Supreme Court decided that commerce was not simply defined as traffic or the mere buying or selling of goods. Justice John Marshall explains the commerce clause as, â€Å"Commerce undoubtedly is traffic, but is something more – it is intercourse. It describes the commercial intercourse between nations, and part of nations, in all its branches, and is regulated by prescribing rules for carrying on that intercourse† (McClenaghan 265). Woodrow Wilson once described the Supreme Court as a constitutional convention in a continuous session. In a constitution convention, the Constitution was written and interpreted. In the Supreme Court case Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme Court uses the power of judicial review to interpret a part of the Constitution, this shows the relationship between a Supreme Court and Constitutional Convention. The laws of New York granting to Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton the exclusive right of navigating the waters of that State with steamboats are in collision with the acts of Congress regulating the coasting trade, which, being made in pursuance of the Constitution, are supreme, and the State laws must yield to that supremacy, even though enacted in pursuance of powers acknowledged to remain in the States. The power of regulating commerce extends to the regulation of navigation. The power to regulate commerce extends to every species of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations, and among the several States. It does not stop at the external boundary of a State. But it does not extend to commerce, which is completely internal. The power to regulate commerce is general, and has no limitations but such as is prescribed in the Constitution itself. The power to regulate commerce, so far as it extends, is exclusively vested in Congress, and a State.A licens e unde... Free Essays on Gibbons vs. Ogden Free Essays on Gibbons vs. Ogden Gibbons vs. Ogden In the court case Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme Court reviewed the commerce power held by Congress. The Supreme Court decided that commerce was not simply defined as traffic or the mere buying or selling of goods. Justice John Marshall explains the commerce clause as, â€Å"Commerce undoubtedly is traffic, but is something more – it is intercourse. It describes the commercial intercourse between nations, and part of nations, in all its branches, and is regulated by prescribing rules for carrying on that intercourse† (McClenaghan 265). Woodrow Wilson once described the Supreme Court as a constitutional convention in a continuous session. In a constitution convention, the Constitution was written and interpreted. In the Supreme Court case Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme Court uses the power of judicial review to interpret a part of the Constitution, this shows the relationship between a Supreme Court and Constitutional Convention. The laws of New York granting to Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton the exclusive right of navigating the waters of that State with steamboats are in collision with the acts of Congress regulating the coasting trade, which, being made in pursuance of the Constitution, are supreme, and the State laws must yield to that supremacy, even though enacted in pursuance of powers acknowledged to remain in the States. The power of regulating commerce extends to the regulation of navigation. The power to regulate commerce extends to every species of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations, and among the several States. It does not stop at the external boundary of a State. But it does not extend to commerce, which is completely internal. The power to regulate commerce is general, and has no limitations but such as is prescribed in the Constitution itself. The power to regulate commerce, so far as it extends, is exclusively vested in Congress, and a State.A licens e unde...

A Basic Lesson in Latin Prepositions

A Basic Lesson in Latin Prepositions In his 19th century book on prepositions in Latin, Samuel Butler writes: Prepositions are particles or fragments of words prefixed to nouns or pronouns, and denoting their relations to other objects in point of locality, cause or effect. They are found in combination with all the parts of speech except interjections....A Praxis on the Latin Prepositions, by Samuel Butler (1823). In Latin, prepositions appear attached to other parts of speech (something Butler mentions, but is not of concern here) and separately, in phrases with nouns or pronouns prepositional phrases. While they can be longer, many common Latin prepositions are from one to six letters long. The two vowels that serve as single letter prepositions are a and e. Where Butler says the prepositions help denote relations with other object in point of locality, cause or effect, you might want to think of prepositional phrases as having the force of adverbs. Gildersleeve calls them local adverbs. Position of the Preposition Some languages have postpositions, which means they come after, but prepositions come before the noun, with or without its modifier. Ad beate vivendumFor living happily has a preposition before an adverb before a gerund (noun). Latin prepositions sometimes separate the adjective from the noun, as in the graduation honor summa cum laude, where summa highest is an adjective modifying the noun laude praise, and separated from it by the preposition cum with. Since Latin is a language with flexible word order, you may occasionally see a Latin preposition following its noun. Cum follows a personal pronoun and may follow a relative pronoun. Cum quo or quo cumWith whom De may follow some pronouns, as well. Gildersleeve says that instead of using two prepositions with one noun, as we do when we say its over and above our duty the noun will be repeated with each of the two prepositions (its over our duty and beyond our duty) or one of the prepositions be turned into an adverb. Sometimes prepositions, reminding us of their close relationship with adverbs, appear alone without a noun, as adverbs. The Case of Nouns in Prepositional Phrases In Latin, if you have a noun, you also have a number and case. In a Latin prepositional phrase, the number of the noun can be either singular or plural. Prepositions almost always take nouns in either the accusative or ablative case. A few prepositions can take either case, although the meaning should be at least subtly different depending on the case of the noun. Gildersleeve summarizes the significance of the case by saying the accusative is used for whither? while the ablative is used for whence? and where? Here are a few of the common Latin prepositions divided into two columns depending on whether they take the accusative or ablative case. Accusative Ablative Trans (across, over) Ab/A (off, of from) Ad (to, at) De (from, ofabout) Ante (before) Ex/E (out of, from) Per (through) Cum (with) Post (after) Sine (without) Those single vowel prepositions can not appear before a word starting with a vowel. The usual form is the one that ends in a consonant. Ab can have other forms, like abs. There are subtle distinctions between several of these prepositions. If you are interested, please read Butlers work.

Internation Disputes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Internation Disputes - Essay Example This essay will include elaborate details of the topic along with a discussion on settlement and the role of mediation for settling disputes. A critical analysis of the significance of the entire process supported by structured examples will also be discussed. The applicability of the concept takes place on the individuals, state level and regional and international level for resolving conflicts. In other words, the concept is applicable in resolving the conflicts amongst the individuals, independently amongst the states or regions of a country or amongst different countries functioning on the face of the earth. This concept is used by the regulators under the light of laws and legislation so that the problems can be resolved and a consensus can be formed between the aggrieved parties. Under this concept, several examples can be found which shows various peace treaties which have taken place between the nations. Examples of such treaties are Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Iran, Pakistan , Argentina, Chile etc. Nearly all countries have been under treaties for resolving the issues and finding methods for resolving issues which arise internally. There are two methods using which the conflicts are resolved. One is the direct method and other is the indirect method. Both methods are applied after understanding and analyzing the complexities of the situations. Different methods have been proposed for resolving the conflicts along with different settlement methods3. Different methods will be discussed and analyzed as per the changing and varying situations as they arise. DEFINING INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES The concept of international disputes highlights the fact that the problems which arise between the nations must be resolved. This will ensure progress and stability in the entire environment and bind the nations in complying with the set standards4. â€Å"International disputes can be defined as a disagreement which arises between the states and impacts on the relations maintained between the states.5† The contemporary international law forbids the nations from the use of force or threats and impacts on the relation between the states. There are organizations which ensure that the conflicts and the disputes amongst the nations are resolved in a peaceful manner6. This can be settled on the basis of accords developed between the states. The principle of the state is managed, and resolutions are proposed using the UN charters, Pact of the Arab League, the Charter of the Organization of African Unity and the declarations proposed on the Principles of International Laws which are concerned directly with the friendly relations amongst the states. All these propositions are made in the light of the UN charter. Understanding this fact it can be concluded that United Nations plays a significantly prominent role in resolving conflicts. The international law does not provide precise methods for resolution of disputes. This is because the solution which is provided shall vary with the upcoming issues. The propositions for resolving the conflicts in the UN charter suggest negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement and setup an environment for proposing the issues which arise. The peaceful methods for resolving the international disputes include various methods include investigation and commissioning of the factors which have led to this problem. Direct negotiation methods

A Project Over Constructing A Bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Project Over Constructing A Bridge - Essay Example Concrete and steel were the most popular choice on constructing a bridge. Other materials to use include iron, stones, wood, and plastics. The stones are useful in handling the compression forces. Wood, iron, and plastics were only to be used to support the bridge when the construction took over. Steel is more like an iron but has high strength in both tension and compression. Steel is a ductile material where it can be shaped or bent into different forms, unlike an iron that is brittle, meaning it can break suddenly. Steel also deflects or yields before failure. That was why they preferred using steel rather iron, though it is expensive.Concrete was the second relevant material that was to be used. Cement is made of limestone and clay. Cement is a component required in making the concrete. Cement was mixed with water, and the aggregate comprising coarse and fine aggregates and hardened to a mass called concrete. The concrete is a versatile material and was easily shaped into differe nt forms of the bridge setup. The concrete was not made very strong in compression because it would very weak in tension; instead, the steel was embedded into the concrete to handle the tensile forces. The mixture of concrete with embedded steel was referred to as the reinforced concrete. Typical material properties that were usedThe structural engineers used material properties when they were designing bridge members. They considered the stress, strain, Young’s modulus and compressive strength of the material.

Managment case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managment case - Essay Example Also, by developing a vertical hierarchy where the plant manager is the ultimate authority with multiple layers of management reporting directly to this role, legitimate power through authority is developed effectively. Joined with more visibility among influential players in the business as well as the production staff, this provides more legitimacy and shows off expertise as a means to gain power and control. Doing this will also develop more name recognition for the plant manager among all different layers of authority and subordinate work teams as a means to increase power. Even though the plant management team seems to be on-board with all of the changes being discussed in private management meetings, they are not accomplishing the goals that have been laid out related to productivity and quality standards. The manager needs to develop retribution tactics against the plant management team, from Engineering through to Quality Control in order to ensure that new controls are being developed to meet standards. This can be done either through direct coercion or through intimidation. The plant manager is new in this role and only 33 years of age, therefore there are many opportunities for other seasoned managers to resist change, a common situation in this type of industrial environment. By transforming requests into direct threats, such as I will punish you if you do not meet my expectations, the plant manager sets up a punishment system or can also reward based on meeting productivity and quality targets. Retribution provides quick and immediate results by indicating that there will be consequences if the goals are not achieved, something that must be done at River Woods. However, in relation to the absentee problem, the plant manager can also rely on the close interpersonal relationships between the management team and the production workers

Actus Reus Notes Essay Example for Free

Actus Reus Notes Essay Provides a link between the initial act of the D and the prohibited consequence that has occurred. It forms part of the AR: It is not enough that the prohibited consequences has occurred, it must be caused by the D. * Established by a two-stage test: 1. Factual causation: Only basis, establish a prelimartary connection between act and consequences D’s act must be a sine qua non of the prohibited consequence(consequences would not have occurred without the D’s action) ’But for’ the D’s action, the consequences would not have occurred Case: White : D wanted to kill her mother with a poison drink but the mother die before the poison drink took effect. LP: The D’s mother would have died anyway but for D’s action, thus he is not the factual cause of death, but he is charged with attempted murder. 2. Legal causation: Chooses the blameworthy a. Case: Pagett To avoid arrest, D used his girlfriend as a shield and firmed at armed police. The police fired back and killed the girl. LP: D’s act need not to be the sole cause of death provided it is a cause that has ‘contributed significantly to the result’ as he sets in motion the chain of events that led to death and it was foreseeable that the police would fire back. D is the most blameworthy Intervening Act: Something that occurs after the D’s act that breaks the chain of causation and relieves the D’s responsibility for the prohibited consequences. Circumstances will only break the chain of causation if they are: a) An overwhelming cause of death b) An unforeseeable occurrence Case that BREAK the chain: Jordan: D stabbed the victim and his wound was healed by the time V arrived to the hospital but he died following an allergic reaction to the drugs given by the hospital. LP: D not liable as the original wound was healed and the treatment was ‘PALPABLY WRONG’ (Obvious) to break the chain of causation. Case that DOESN’T BREAK the chain: Cheshire: D shot the victim in the leg and stomach, where when in hospital V suffered from respiratory complications and die after an operation that the hospital performed a poor standard of care and failed to recognise his wounds. LP: The need for operation flowed from the D’s original act thus he remained liable, the treatment has to be ‘PALPABLY WRONG’ (obvious) to break the chain of causation. Intervening Act falls into 3 categories: 1. Acts of the Victim 2. Acts of Third Parties 3. Naturally Occurring events 1. Acts of the Victim Roberts: D interfered the V’s clothing in the car, causing the V to jump from the moving vehicle and resulted in serious injuries from the fall. LP: It was foreseeable that the victim would have attempted to escape and could be injured in doing so. Chain of causation will only be broken if the V’s action is extreme and unforeseeable. *Only EXTREME ACTS would break it? Consider Thin-Skull rule: *Thin-Skull Rule: EXCEPTION to the rule that D is only liable to the foreseeable consequences of his actions D is liable for the full extent of V’s injuries even if, due to some pre-exisitng condition, the V suffers greater harm as a result of the D’s action than the ‘ordinary’ V would suffer. Cases: Blaue D stabbed the V and punctured her lung, but V refused a blood transfusion as it was contrary to her religion, resulting in death. LP: D convicted of manslaughter as it was held that the rule was not limited to physical conditions but included an individual’s psychological make-up and beliefs. 2. Act of Third Parties Consider: 1. Significance of their contribution 2. Action is foreseeable? 3. Naturally-occurring events * Omissions: Liability only necessary if there is no culpable positive act. Statute: A duty of act only imposed by statute in a narrow range Contract: Case: Pittwood D contracted to monitor the crossing gates so no one is harmed by the train. He failed to close the gates and V was killed by the train. LP: A person under contract will be liable for the harmful consequences of his failure to perform his contractual obligation. This duty extends to those reasonably affected by omission, not just the other party to the contract. Special relationship Case: Gibbins and Procotor First D(Father) failed to provide food to his child who was starved to death. His liability was based upon his omission to fulfil the duty established by the special relationship of father/child. (The case continued:) Voluntary assumption of care Second D(Partner of the father): liable not based on the nature of relationship but because she had previously fed the child but had ceased to do so. * A Person cannot cast off duty to act that the voluntary assumption of care imposes. Dangerous situation Case: Miller D fell asleep while smoking a cigarette. It triggers the mat on fire, but when the D woke up he did nothing to save the fire but move to another spot to sleep. The House was damaged as a result. D argued that his mens rea was not developed at the time the actua reas of the event, dropping the cigarette, occurred. LP: D has created a dangerous situation which he then has the duty to save the fire. * MR arises and coincides with continuing AR. He was liable.

First Case Using DNA in the UK

First Case Using DNA in the UK No humans are exactly alike, and the DNAs are what constructs humans to be genetically unique. Using an extraordinary finding about DNA fingerprinting, a murderer of two 15-year-old in Leicestershire was successfully convicted. On November 21, 1983, Lynda Mann left her house to babysit for a lady down the road. While walking back home on a path called the Black Pad, Lynda was raped and strangled by a man. Her body was found the next morning. The story of Lynda Mann was discussed everywhere near the area and the people in the village were living in fear because the murderer was not found for quite a while. They suspected a man named Colin Pitchfork, a baker with 2 sons, but when asked about what he was doing on the night Lynda Mann disappeared, he answered that he was babysitting his child in his home. The case went cold. On July 31, 1986, another girl named Dawn Ashworth did not return home after taking a shortcut home. After two days, her body was found in a path called Ten Pound Lane. It was found out that she was raped, beaten and strangled. The two murders appeared to be done by the same person and the people believed now that the murderer was local. Richard Buckland, a 17-year-old boy with learning disabilities has been going around the murder scene of Dawn, telling people and the police that they were looking in a wrong spot. He was a local, working in a Carlton Hayes psychiatric hospital. He did not give a definite answer on what he was doing the night when Dawn went missing and so the police arrested him. After questioning, he admitted to the crime involving Dawn Ashworth but denied the murder of Lynda Mann. Thanks to the DNA profiling, it was found out that Richard Buckland was not the killer and Colin Pitchfork was arrested for the murders. This case is interesting because it is the first case where DNA fingerprinting was used to release and convict a person. Even though the village people had skepticism towards the new method of identifying a person, they all agreed to participate and that is how they could connect Colin Pitchfork with the murders. Now, DNA testing is used all around the world and is considered one of the most efficient way to identify a criminal. From Lynda Manns body, the police found and linked a semen sample to a person with a type A blood. They also found an enzyme profile that matched only 10 percent of males. No other evidence was found. Then, from Dawn Ashworths body, they found a semen sample that revealed the same blood type. However, the prime suspect, Richard Buckland, continued to admit to the murder of Dawn but deny the murder of Lynda. The police were sure that those two murders were committed by the same person because the modus operandi of the second murder matched that of the first. Modus operandi, which translate to modes of operation, is someones habit of working usually regarding business or crime. When the police felt that they needed extra help in discovering the murderer, they contacted Sir Alec Jeffrey, a researcher and a scientist at the university of Leicester. He discovered that human DNA produces a constant but unique patterns that can be used to identify one person and find out relationships between family members (Jeffreys, Thein, Wilson, 1985, p. 76). The first method used for DNA profiling involved RFLP analysis. A sample such as blood or semen is cut into small pieces by restriction enzyme. This produces thousands of DNA fragments of different sizes. Then, the fragments are sorted out by size by gel electrophoresis. After this, the fragments are transferred on to the nylon membrane. The process is called Southern blot. A radioactive DNA probe is added where it binds to specific fragments. Lastly, X-ray film is placed to detect the radioactive pattern. Using this method, he compared the semen sample collected from both victim, Lynda and Dawn, and found out that the murder was indeed committed by the same person. However, the prime suspects DNA did not match the DNA of the semen sample. The police had to let Richard Buckland go. To find the murderer, the police went on a man hunt and asked all the male in the village from ages 18-34 to voluntarily take a blood test so they could compare their DNA with the killers DNA. It was solely for elimination purposes. The man hunt was a slow process and the operation was massive. Just when the police were losing hope, everything turned around one day. On August 1, 1987, Ian Kelly, one of Colin Pitchforks, the man that was questioned for Lynda Mann few years back, fellow worker at the bakery, told his colleagues in a Leicester pub that he has gone to do the blood test instead of Pitchfork because he has asked him to. Pitchforks excuse was that he had already given his blood pretending to be a friend who wanted to avoid being questioned about a youthful conviction for burglary. A woman overheard what Ian Kelly said and called the police to report it. On September 19, 1987, Pitchfork was arrested. His blood and saliva matched the semen samples taken from the scene of two crimes (Ottawa, Ont, 1988). This could be seen from the pattern of the DNA. When the x-ray of both sampled are placed beside each other, you could see that the pattern of 2 bands were the same or similar in location. He eventually admitted to the murders and was sentenced to life imprisonment. The impacts that this crime had to the society is the fact that young women feel more vulnerable no matter where they are. They have to live in constant fear that they might be a victim of a rape or murder just because they were simply there (Siddle, 2015). Lynda Manns sister, Rebecca Eastwood has set up an online petition against releasing Pitchfork and it has passed 4,000 signatures. She fears that If released he will kill again and he will always be danger to the public (Siddle, 2015). The fact that he doesnt have to wait for girls to hunt anymore but simply go online and find girls on social media websites scares many people that he would commit the same crime but through an easier way. Rebecca has said that Pitchfork has effected her family, especially her mom. she has been strong and tough through out the years knowing that he is in prison. She does not know how her mom would carry on if he is released. This case forces law enforcements and government to prioritize security at night in pathways and roads. The government also has to make sure that young children are not walking by themselves late at night because they could get themselves in danger. This case has also proven that DNA fingerprinting is an efficient way to identify a person through blood, saliva, semen and so on. The people, who were not really sure if this method would work, were reassured after Colin Pitchfork was arrested that this way of testing worked and that this finding is revolutionary to forensic science. Colin Pitchfork was sentenced to a minimum term of 30 years. However, in 2009, Pitchforks sentence was reduced to 28 years. Bibliography Man nabbed by genetic fingerprints gets life. (1988, Jan 23). The Ottawa Citizen Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/239145129?accountid=15182 Colin Pitchfork: DNA evidence snared child rapist who killed my sister please do not let him go free; Colin Pitchfork was the first criminal in the world to be convicted on DNA evidence and was jailed for life in 1988 for killing two schoolgirls.(2015, May 5) Irishmirror.ie, Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic Butler, J. M. (2010). Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing. London: Academic Press. Peter Cheney, T. S. (1991, Oct 05). GENETIC FINGERPRINTING legal breakthrough inexact science? Toronto Star Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/436502141?accountid=15182 Baird, R. [Ronald Baird]. (2016, August 11). True crime stories about Colin Pitchfork Code of a Killer. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deoZEm1e8TIt=27s. Jeffreys, A. J., Wilson, V., and Thein, S. L. (1985a). Individual-specific fingerprints of human DNA. Nature 316: 76-79.